| <P class=headmargintop3padadj0 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">《中华流行病学杂志》上的一项长期观察试验显示，甲肝减毒活疫苗（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">H2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">株）一针接种后的血清学和流行病学保护效果持久，可长达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">年。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">浙江省医学科学院病毒病研究所等单位的研究者在浙江省台州市椒江区选择</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">220</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">名免前抗甲肝抗体阴性儿童（年龄</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">岁）作为血清免疫学追踪观察对象，分别于接种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">H2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">株疫苗后的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">个月、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">12</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">个月、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">6</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">年、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">年和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">年观察抗甲肝抗体阳性率和几何平均滴度（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">GMT</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">）。分析该观察区</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">岁儿童组疫苗接种率和甲肝发病率之间的关系及整个人群</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">年流行病学效果观察。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">结果，在血清学追踪观察人群中疫苗接种后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">个月和接种后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">年，抗体阳转率分别为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">98.6%</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">81.3%</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">，抗体阳转率下降缓慢；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">年后抗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">-HAV-IgG</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">GMT</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">128 mIU/ml</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">，显著高于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">WHO</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">专家建议的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">20 mIU/ml</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">保护水平。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">随着疫苗接种率的逐年提高，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">岁年龄组儿童的甲肝发病率明显下降，二者之间有非常明显的相关性。疫苗接种者连续</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">年累计观察</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">236</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">413</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">人年，未发生一例甲肝；而未接种者累计观察</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">27</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">206</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">人年，发生甲肝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">例。疫苗保护率为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">100%</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">儿童大规模免疫接种为整个人群建立了良好免疫屏障，甲肝发病率下降幅度达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">96.7%</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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